What distinguishes Gothic literature, as seen in the works of Mary Shelley and Bram Stoker?

Gothic literature is characterized by its exploration of the supernatural and macabre, which is central to the works of Mary Shelley and Bram Stoker. In Shelley's "Frankenstein," for instance, the narrative delves into themes of creation and monstrosity, exploring the darker sides of human nature and existence through the lens of horror and the unnatural. Similarly, Stoker's "Dracula" immerses readers in a world of vampires, the undead, and gothic settings, evoking an atmosphere of dread and suspense that plays on human fears of the unknown.

The emphasis on the supernatural and macabre allows these authors to examine complex themes such as the limits of scientific inquiry, the nature of evil, and societal fears. This element is essential in defining the Gothic genre, as it compels readers to confront their own anxieties in a world filled with the eerie and inexplicable. Thus, the exploration of these elements distinguishes Gothic literature and enhances the emotional and psychological depth of the stories told.