Which genre is characterized by concepts of realism and social critique, often seen in the works of Charlotte Brontë?

The genre characterized by concepts of realism and social critique, particularly in the works of Charlotte Brontë, is Victorian literature. This period, which spanned from the early to late 19th century during the reign of Queen Victoria, was marked by a focus on the complexities of social structures, morality, and the human experience. Brontë's novels, such as "Jane Eyre," reflect the societal norms of her time, exploring themes like class, gender, and the position of women in society.

Victorian literature often sought to depict life more accurately and critically, contrasting with the earlier Romantic movement, which emphasized emotion and individualism. Brontë's works exemplify the blend of realistic portrayals of society with a critique of its shortcomings, particularly regarding issues such as women's rights and social inequality. While Modernism and Postmodernism present their own unique styles and themes, they emerge later in literary history, and thus are not reflective of the societal concerns prevalent in Brontë's Victorian context.